I. Introduction (10 minutes)
                       Welcome - thanks to the host coach and school, and the Ohio Track Coaches Association
                        for their help and sponsorship - thank the audience for caring enough to come
                       Introduction - home coaches and administration, “Pole Vault Celebrities” in audience
                        OAT-CCC officers
                       Credentials - Information about the presenter, why is he selected to give the clinic
                       Pole Vault in Ohio
                        - the good - NO catastrophic accidents in Ohio past couple of years
                                    - more participation across the state - particularly in girls competition
                                    - great state meet competition in all classes
                        - the not so good -
                                    -  changes in pit regulations have cost a lot of money
                                                - some schools have dropped vault rather than make the changes
                                                - some coaches/schools are practicing on illegal facilities - risking
                                                            liability if an accident occurs
                        - the bad
                                    - the memory of prior catastrophic accidents is still fresh - and of great
                                                concern
                                    - some coaches are still in the “bend big - vault high” mode (vaulting on
                                                poles rated below the vaulter’s weight), risking injury to vaulters
                                    - lots of misinformation about pole vault is still “out there”
                                                - (example:  pole vaulting increases the liability insurance that
                                                            schools pay for athletics.  In fact - the insurance schools
                                                            buys is for all sports coverage.   For a two day pole vault
                                                            camp with full liability  coverage, and  personal injury
                                                            insurance for staff and vaulters totaling 75 people - only
                                                             $240)
                       Goals of the Clinic:
                       - to show a systematic progression method of teaching pole vault which develops safe vaulting habits
                       - to acquaint coaches and athletes with the basic theories of pole vault
                       - to make participants aware of the current problems with pole vaulting in Ohio and US
                       - to demonstrate examples of good pole vault drills and techniques
 
II. Physics of Pole Vaulting - (30 minutes)      - need video - show “perfect vault”
                                                                     - need overhead or transparency projector
                                                                        - or need instructional video
                       Goal: to store energy in the pole and be in the appropriate position to get it back
                       Goal:  penetration into the pit - then height over the bar
                                    - show “perfect vault video”
                       Pole Run - goal: to have the optimum amount of energy at the plant
                             - goal: to set up for a perfect plant
                             - goal: to have a repeatable sequence that can be adjusted for conditions
                                                show video emphasizing pole run
                                    - speed at plant
                                    - alignment of body and pole to runway
                                    - positioning of body during run to setup plant position
                       The PLANT - (the most important part of the event)
                        - the plant is where the energy developed in the run gets stored in the pole
                        - the plant is where horizontal energy gets turned into vertical energy
                        - the plant is where energy is stored not only in the pole, but in the body
                                    - random energy stored improperly in the body is a major cause of injury
                        Mechanics of the perfect plant (show diagram)
                                    - pole is directly overhead (not to either side)
                                                - pole is mid to slightly behind mid-head
                                                - right arm is fully extended (“pressed up”)
                                                - left arm is fully extended (“pressed up”)
                                                - head - shoulders - hips are all raised (“pressed up”)
                                    - plant toe is directly under right hand
                                    - right leg is “stepped out” to 90°  - right toe is up
                                    - chest is driving forward ahead of hips
                        - “jump” is like long jump takeoff - approximately 22 degrees
                        Show video of perfect plant - emphasize body position and verticality
                       Drive Swing
                        Goal:  To continue to store energy into the pole by maintaining body position
                        - maintain press and verticality (don’t push the pole)
                        - let head travel into the “triangle”(dragging)
                        - store energy in plant leg - stretch reflex (press left toe down and back)
                        - pole bends in, then swings out
                       Swing Up - close off - flex in
                        Goal:  To swing past the pole before it unbends - allowing the stored energy to
                                    go back into the vaulter vertically instead of horizontally
                        - swing left leg (maintain length) past  top of pole
                        - drive both arms through to thighs - then left arm flexes at elbow - close off to
chest
                        - keep right knee bent through invert - knee “driving”
                        - as inverting - bring pole in-line - and as close to body as possible
                        Show video of drive swing - swing up - close off - flex in 
                        pull/push turn - fly away - bar clearance
                        Goal:  to maximize bar clearance height
                        - shoot vertical from the top of the pole
                        - release left hand first then right (finishes turning action)
                        - at peak height - pike at hips
                        - “cup out” over bar - do not throw chest into bar - wait for clearance then “snake”
                        Show video of bar clearance
                       Grip Height (show diagram of angle of plant versus energy to bring pole to vertical)
                        - the higher the plant angle - the easier to get enough pole speed to get into pit
                        - the lower the plant angle - the more energy required to get into the pit
                        - grip height is a function of energy - not of height or desire for height
                        - (show diagram of relative grip heights to pole length)
                                    - poles are designed to be vaulted by a vaulter of a given maximum weight
                                                - with average speed, plant ability and height
                                    - poles are designed to be gripped (top hand) between 6” and 18” from top
                                    - top of the grip range of one pole is the bottom of the grip range of the next
                                    - type of pole used by a vaulter is determined by:
                                                - body weight
                                                - pit penetration (pole speed v pole bend)
                                                - top hand grip location
                                    - differences in the “brand” of pole used
                                                - difference in barrel size (difference in how fiberglass is wrapped)
                                                - difference in location of sail piece
                                                - not a difference in “test weight” but in response          
                                    - a safer way to increase pit penetration - lower grip height!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
                                     
III.  How to Pole Vault (40 Minutes)
                       Pole Carry
                        - Pole Grip
                                    - set top hand height (depending on vault penetration (see above)
                                    - top hand faces out (away from body)
                                    - bottom hand goes elbow length away (plus or minus)
                                    - bottom hand faces in (towards body)
                        - Right Angles
                                    - top hand goes above hip (hand relaxed) right arm at 90º angle
                                    - left arm forms two 90º angles - in the armpit and at the elbow
                                    - pole tip should be above eye level (higher for longer poles)
                                    - shoulders should be square to the runway - perpendicular to the
                                                line of travel
                        Pole Carry Drills - (can show in video)
                                    - stubby drills - standing carry, buddy check of angles
                       Pole Run
                        Goals:   - pole run should be a smooth transition from slow to fast
                                    - pole run should end at optimum speed for plant
                                    - pole run should be repeatable and consistent
                                    - consistent run - counting system
                                                - counting system insures a repeatable rhythm
                                                - vaulters will start at a 6 or 7 “left” approach - as they improve
                                                            in skill they may move up to 8 or 9 lefts
                                                - collegians and world class vaulters may use 10 lefts
                                    - a seven step approach using three’s would go:
                                                3-2-1, 3-2-1, flat flat (increasing in tempo through the 3’s)
                                    - an eight step approach using three’s would go:
                                                1, 3-2-1, 3-2-1, flat flat (increasing in tempo through the 3’s)
                                    - the flat flat is the last right/left - with the emphasis on a quick step to
                                                increase the jumping tempo (penultimate step)
                                    - pole should gradually drop to the plant - higher carry is better
                                    - run should be tall - knees should be up - body position should be
                                                as vertical as possible
                                    - pole should be held in a relaxed manner - but pole should be steady
                                                - no forward and back action - a little up and down is OK
                       - Pole Run Drills
                        - with stubbies - stubby walks - counting walks - counting jogs -
                        - counting runs - same with poles
                        - pole runs for steps - marking starting position - plant step (midpoint?)
                        - towel plants  
 
                       Plant     - THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF THE VAULT           
                        - The plant begins with the gradual dropping of the pole through the run
                                    - dropping the pole allows it to “free fall” and therefore not have
                                                weight that needs to be carried - pole does not need to be
                                                            directed” - falls in straight line to box
                        - The planting action is initiated on the next to last left (the last “1”)
                        - Initiate the action by raising the right hand into the ribs (from the hip)
                        - Then shoot the right hand directly from the ribs to fully extended overhead
                                    position (quickly shrugging the shoulder to allow the hand to pass)
                        - DO NOT - Push the pole forward or pull it back - raise it directly

                                      to vertical

                        - Press the left arm vertically up to the pole (not pushing out into the pole

                                                or pulling the pole down to the box - let it fall)

                        - Raise the hips, chest, shoulders, head as vertically as possible

                        - Drive up off of the left foot - drive the right knee up to a 90º angle

                                    - right foot out - toe up

                        - Left toe should be directly under the right hand at takeoff

                       - Plant Drills (see video)

                        - walking  stubby left/right/lefts - standing stubby plants - jogging LRL’s

                        - pole walking LRL, pole running LRL, LRL into wall (or box), Wall Drill         

                                    with Lift(hip drill), Sliding Box Drills (all of the above), one arm drills     

                        Drive-Swing

                                    - Lead with the chest (not hips) underneath the bend of the pole

                                    - both arms, shoulders, chest, hips all maintain press up

                                    - Left leg stays back - push off of toe as long as possible

                       Drive Swing Drills

                        - Grass Drills  (keep left leg down and back), Sand Drills, Pit Drills

                        - Rope Drill with collapsed left arm (hold drive position)

                        - short pole stall through, one arm Drills into the pit

                      

Swing Up

                        - When pole swings to side

                                    - drive hands to thighs (though more exactly, legs swing up to hands)

                                    - aggressively    swing long left leg past the top of pole (maintain bent

                                                            right knee)

                                    - flex left elbow, bringing hips to the pole

                                    - close off left arm bringing back of wrist to left chest

                                    - bring pole as close as possible to body

                       Swing Up Drills - on all drills maintain a long top arm (don’t PULL!!!)

                        - Grass (Sand, Pit) Drill with Swing Up to invert (land on feet!!!!)

                        - Rope Drill with Swing Up

                        -  Pop-Up into pit (emphasize long left leg)

                                   

                       Pull - Turn - Extend

                                    - As pole unbends - allow body to shoot straight up the pole

                                    - Begin turning hips to the bar - cross right foot over left

                                    - Release left hand first - then right (release pole back - do not “throw”)

                                    - Pike as hips peak over bar

                                    - cup chest - do not “throw back” head (as chest is thrown out)

                                    - wait to “snake” bar - don’t lift head or arms

                       Pull- Turn - Extend Drills

                        - “flex and slide” floor drill, underwater vaulting, gymnastic back roll

                           to handstand, stubby bar clearance drill, straight pole bar clearance,

                           trampoline and rope drill to clearance

 

IV.  Effective Teaching Methods (20 minutes)

                       one arm vaults

                        - push pole on runway - plant overhead (just top hand)

                        - swing up on correct side of pole - land on feet in pit

                        - raise grip height according to penetration

                        - teaches tall plant, planting with step on, staying long under pole

                        - swing long left leg

                       push vaulting

                        - push pole on runway - holding with both hands but resting top hand on shoulder

                        - plant consists of pushing both hands up into air

                        - execute full vault from plant

                        - teaches plant/vault mechanics without dealing with run issues

                        - teaches correct vaulting technique - and safe vaulting

                        - cannot have a “bad” runway - or a “lip” on the box!!!!!!!!

                        - new rule - boxes with “lips” are illegal

                        - with both one arms and push/vaults - start at lower hand grip and raise

                                    grip (one grip at a time) until vaulter starts to land in the middle of

                                    the pit (instead of over penetrating)  if the vaulter comes up

                                    short - lower grip again to improve mechanics

 

Systematic Teaching Progression

                       1. Pole Orientation (using stubbies) - pole grip, pole carry

                       2. Pole Run (start with walking, then jogging, then running with stubby)

                       3. Repeat steps one and two with a suitable pole until athlete can consistently accomplish

                       4. Plant - standing plant action with stubby

                       5. Walking plant action with stubby emphasizing correct action to correct foot

                       6. Running Plant - increasing from jog to running plant action with stubby

                       7. Repeat steps four, five and six with suitable pole until athlete is consistent

                       8. Sand Vault (using long jump pit) (note - make sure there are no obstructions to pushing

                        the pole down the runway)

                        - place a pit section in the long jump pit

                        - using a three to five left approach, athletes should push the pole

                                    down the runway, “plant” the pole vertically overhead, into

                                    the sand in front of the pit section and jump into the pit on the

                                    correct side of the pole (athlete should work for distance - not height)

                                    and land on their back on the pit

                        - as the athlete improves technique, athlete can increase swing-up, and can add

                                    pull and turn to land on stomach in the pit, and/or

                       9. Push Vault - using the same technique as the Sand Vault into the box and the pole

                        vault pit - some goals apply

                       10. Vertical Takeoff - using a pole carry and  a three to five left approach, athlete should

                        vault into the side of the pole vault pit, planting the pole up against the bottom of

                        the pit.  This teaches athletes to use a pole carry, a vertical takeoff, and can be

used to achieve the same goals as the sand vault.

                       11.  One Arm Vault - athlete ‘push” vaults using only the top (right) arm

                        - teaches a high plant angle, vertical takeoff, correct pole placement in box

                          and can continue to be used for drive-swing and swing up drills

                       12.  Full Vault - athlete moves to a five to seven left approach.  As the athlete achieves

                        greater depth into the pit, coach can move athlete up the pole one hand grip at a

                        time.  If run/plant is a serious problem, athlete can “push” vault, but should

                        eventually working on run/plant timing

 

V. Equipment Safety (20 minutes)

                       Goal - To vault in a safe environment

                        Pit Location

                                    - is it in a “high traffic” area - where accidents, equipment, and people are

                                                likely to interfere

                                    - is it in a easily supervised area - where a coach with multiple

                                                 responsibilities can observe practice

                                    -is it in an appropriate place for prevailing winds

                        Box Condition

                                    - is the box legal (105º) or 90º - and has it been set properly (leveled)

                                    - is the box anchored and is it intact - and is there a lip on the box

                                    - is the box padded      

                        Size of Pit

                                    - new rules - 20’2” length - 19’8” width.

                                                16’6  wide in front of the standards

                                                16’5” depth behind the box

                                    - is the pit covered with a common cover

                                    - are there insets for the standards (if not it cannot be legal)

                        Standard Settings

                                    - new rules - standards are now from 15 1/2” to 31.5” (40 to 80 cm)

                        Pit Inspection

                                    - are their holes in the pit - areas where vaulters will “go through”

                                    - is the foam intact and will the cover allow for a vaulter to walk/run on it

                                    - are all hardened areas around the pit covered

                                    - are all dangers removed from the pit (pallets, cinder blocks, hurdles)

                         Runway Environment

                                    - is the runway intact (no holes) and appropriately marked

                                    - are marks placed on the runway safe from being moved/removed

                                    - are there likely to be people walking/running across the runway

                                    - is the runway secured in such a way as to make it safe                        

                        Vaulter attitude

                                    - are vaulters prepared to make safe vaults through:

                                                - appropriate training

                                                - attitude toward consistency and safety

                                                            - no kamikaze vaulters

                                    - are vaulters willing to accept coaching and make appropriate changes

                                                 during  competition

                                    - are vaulters using appropriate and legal poles

                        pole conditions

                                    - have poles been inspected for legality and safety

                                                - are pole clearly marked to avoid confusion

                                                - have poles been checked for cracks and bruises

                                    - are butt plugs in acceptable condition

                                    - are poles stored in such a way as to avoid scratches and crushes

                                    - are poles kept dry and secure at meet

                                    - are vaulters gripping poles in a safe manner

                        other safety equipment issues (helmets?)

                                    - helmets - pros and cons

                                    - might help in some situations -

                                                - beneficial in “roll-off” type injuries (Florida fatality)

                                                - pit safety would also have prevented this accident

                                      - bicycle type helmets are either designed for 1 meter to 2 meter fall

                                                - are not designed for catastrophic vault accidents

                                                - do they give a feeling of “invincibility”

                                                - do they effect mechanics of vault

                                                - some questions about long term effect of chronic landings on

                                                            neck vertebrae - also  acute hyper extension

                                    - other issues?

 

VI.  Problem Solving in Pole Vault (30 minutes)

                       goal:  to increase safety by solving problems in vault

                       standards - vault deep ALL THE TIME

                        - gets vaulters in the habit of penetrating

                                    - thinking in terms of storing energy - not simply “going up”

                                    - gives room for error in case of poor plant

                        - use of bungee - gives vaulter a sense of penetration as well as height

                        - in competition standard settings are still the same 15 1/2 -31 1/2 ”

                                    - if a vaulter is practicing at 24” to 30” - then competes at 16”

                                                   there is something wrong

                                    - check position of left arm at plant (probably collapsing), or

                                                - look to plant step (probably under), or

                                                - look to chest drive at plant - leading with hips

                                                - check “hip drill” to see what happens             

                       problems with pole run

                        - not maintaining speed to plant

                                    - Running Mechanics - Pole Carry Mechanics(is pole behind hip)

                                    - is athlete running with high knees and erect body posture

                                    - is pole approaching in a straight line (not angled to box)

                                    - is all pole motion during run “in line” (not side to side)

                                    - is pole dropping too soon -- too late

                                    - is vaulter slowing down to plant (move back)

                                    - is vaulter counting steps (maintaining consistent run)                

                        - not getting in position to effectively plant

                                    - inconsistency in plant step (midpoint)

                                    - is vaulter “counting” steps

                                    - is vaulter using and adjusting to a midpoint

                                    - is vaulter changing rhythm in competition

                                    - is vaulter changing pole carry

                                    - is vaulter injured or otherwise impaired (tired)

                        - inability to vault “straight”

                                    - vaulting straight is a plant action problem - it is not controllable

                                                by attempting to control “where you jump from”

                                    - athletes are off-angle in their plant foot because of the mechanics

                                                of their pole carry and planting action

                                    - fix the pole carry and plant to fix the off-angle attack

                       problems with plant

                        - ineffective planting action - erratic forces in plant action

                        - plant is too early (vaulter loses speed, also forces plant to be

                                                horizontal rather than vertical)

                        - plant is too late (vaulter slows to put plant up, plant is not complete prior to

                                     takeoff, vaulter tries to “muscle” pole, completes press after leaving

                                                 ground forcing action down instead of up)

                        - Plant is “Roundhoused” (vaulter steps to side on jump step)

                                                - vaulter jumps from right to left instead of in straight line

                                                - Plant is brought down across body instead of in a straight line

                                                - pole carry is not in line with run

- left to right rotation of pole creates a right to left rotation of body -  plant is on the left side of the runway or

                                                - vaulter compensates - crosses last step over to right side

                        pushing instead of pressing (THIS IS THE BIGGEST CHANGE IN A DECADE)

- fails to store maximum energy - shoulders and elbows absorb energy

                                    - pushing - put body “behind” the plant

- will create a lot of bend - but will leave vaulter short at top of vault

                                                - vaulter looks great through plant - but unable to rotate to vertical

                                                            or close off

                                                - tends to block with left arm - body rotates through left hand and

                                                            shoulder instead of right hand

                                                - creates horizontal energy - but not vertical energy

                                                - stores energy low in the pole - pole “unbends” early

                                    - failure to convert horizontal to vertical energy

                                                - check other plant issues first

                                                - check “attack” angle of vaulter (as measured from chest angle

                                                            to horizontal)

                                                - check step - if vaulter is “out” it will create a “push plant”

                                    listen to plant - a “pushed” plant sounds like a “stick” - a pressed

                                                            plant slides in the box to the back

                       problems with pole selection (use grip height selection chart)

                        - grip height determination (assuming on a legal pole)

                                    - grip height is determined by penetration

                                                - if the vaulter is penetrating - grip height can be raised

                                                - raise no more than one grip (hand grip width) at a time

                                                - if the vaulter then over-penetrates (lands too deep)

                                                            - go to a stiffer pole (match or lower grip depending

                                                                                    on how much stiffer)

                                                            - if the vaulter starts to come up short

                                                                        - lower grip height - check plant mechanics

                                                            - grip (top hand position) between 6” and 18” from top

                                                                        of pole (show pole grip selection chart)

                                    - pole selection determination

                                    - using grip chart, determine where the vaulter is

                                                - vaulter must be able to vault the top grip on a pole at least 10

                                                             pounds over body weight before ready to move to the next                  

                                                            use of “coaching zone” in pit (see diagram)

                        - Coaching Zone can determine

                                    - depth of plant (energy storage)

                                    - erratic forces in plant (off line plants)

                                    - when to make changes in pole selection         

                        - other problems